| Tool | Issues Addressed | Considerations | Examples |
| Brownfield Remediation Brownfield site remediation is essentially the clean-up of contaminated properties. This involves the removal, containment or on-site treatment of contaminated site materials. Remediation may be initiated by local governments as an incentive to property redevelopment, or by private property owners. Brownfield clean-ups can be very expensive, but funding is available from many sources. |
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Atlanta Scripto Factory Remediation Atlantic Steel Mill brownfield site Macon's Brownfields Revitalization Project Implementation Examples Outside Georgia |
Brownfield Remediation |
Guides For Implementing This Tool
Brownfields 2000 and 2001 conference proceedings
Examines transferability issues from urban brownfield approaches to rural brownfield cases.
http://www.dca.state.ga.us/OITDSShared/asp/NavDisclaimer.asp?Leaving=GQGP&GoToURL=http://www.brownfields2002.org/proceedings2000/4-12m.pdf
International City/County Management Association
Addresses the cultural and historical preservation opportunities associated with brownfield redevelopment.
http://www.dca.state.ga.us/OITDSShared/asp/NavDisclaimer.asp?Leaving=GQGP&GoToURL=http://www1.icma.org//upload/library/IQ/10000322.pdf
Community Brownfield Guidebook: Assessing and Resolving Environmental Barriers to Redevelopment.
Nancey Green Leigh and Rhonda Hise. Georgia Tech Research Corporation. This guidebook offers detailed advice on phase 1 of the process; conducting one’s own inventory.
http://www.dca.state.ga.us/intra_nonpub/Toolkit/Guides/CommBrownGuide.pdf
Brownfields 2000 and 2001 conference proceedings
Examines what types of sites small communities are dealing with, the difficulties that they are facing, and how they plan to proceed with these projects.
http://www.dca.state.ga.us/OITDSShared/asp/NavDisclaimer.asp?Leaving=GQGP&GoToURL=http://www.brownfields2002.org/proceedings2000/4-12c.pdf
Quality Assurance Guidance for Conducting Brownfields Assessments.
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, September 1998. This guidance document describes key principles and best practices for brownfields site assessment quality assurance and quality control based on program experience.
http://www.dca.state.ga.us/OITDSShared/asp/NavDisclaimer.asp?Leaving=GQGP&GoToURL=http://www.epa.gov/brownfields/pdf/bfqag4.pdf
Phase I Environmental Site Assessment
Involves the identification and mapping of potential brownfield sites. Included in this assessment are data on current and historical land uses, facilities, topography, and groundwater. The following chapter provides a step by step outline for conducting the assessment.
http://www.dca.state.ga.us/OITDSShared/asp/NavDisclaimer.asp?Leaving=GQGP&GoToURL=http://www.epa.gov/ordntrnt/ORD/NRMRL/Pubs/625R02006/625R02006chap3.pdf
Brownfields 2000 and 2001 conference proceedings
Reviews rural brownfield redevelopment stakeholder involvement.
http://www.dca.state.ga.us/OITDSShared/asp/NavDisclaimer.asp?Leaving=GQGP&GoToURL=http://www.brownfields2002.org/proceedings2001/MOI-06-01.pdf
Environmental Site Assessment: Phase I and Phase II for Brownfields
This document is one of the EnviroTools factsheets available online. This document provides a basic description of each phase of an environmental site assessment.
http://www.dca.state.ga.us/OITDSShared/asp/NavDisclaimer.asp?Leaving=GQGP&GoToURL=http://www.envirotools.org/characterization/phase1and2.shtml
The Analysis of Benefits from Redevelopment Activities
This article reviews the environmental and community benefits associated with brownfield redevelopment activities. This article also includes a brief discussion of policies used to promote building rehabilitation, urban infill and brownfields redevelopment.
http://www.dca.state.ga.us/OITDSShared/asp/NavDisclaimer.asp?Leaving=GQGP&GoToURL=http://www.brownfields2002.org/proceedings2001/MOI-45-01.pdf
Model Ordinances
No records available.Aids For Visualizing This Tool
No records available.Georgia Implementation Examples
Bibb County, GA - Macon's Brownfields Revitalization Project is engaged in the clean-up and remediation of many formerly industrial sites in the city's Downtown Industrial District (DID). This area was once home to railroads, factories and mills; some of its sites are known to be contaminated, and others are believed to be. The city was awarded a $200,000 grant, from the Environmental Protection Agency's Brownfields Initiative, to carry out contamination assessment and feasibility studies on five sites in the DID.
Fulton County, GA - Located in Midtown Atlanta, the former Atlantic Steel Mill brownfield site has been redeveloped into the giant Atlantic Station mixed-use development. As the largest urban brownfield redevelopment in the country, the restoration of the site necessitated the remediation of soil contaminated by years of industrial use. Approximately $10 million was spent to remediate the Atlantic Station property, with over 12,000 truckloads of material removed from the site.
Fulton County, GA - Land that once housed a Scripto ink and pen plant was located next to the Martin Luther King, Jr., National Historic Site in Atlanta. Contaminated with elevated levels of total petroleum, hydrocarbons, lead, arsenic, PCE, TCE, cyanides, and methylene chloride, the 5.23 acres were cleaned up from 1992 to 1996. The acquisition and development costs were paid by the National Park Service, while the remediation costs were paid by the former landowner. The area is now part of the expanded Martin Luther King, Jr., National Historic Site.
Implementation Examples Outside Georgia
Connecticut - The Gilbert & Bennett wire mill, in the town of Redding, Connecticut, closed in 1989. That left a contaminated 55-acre site in the main commercial area of this town of 8,400 residents. Furthermore, by 2002 the facility had accrued unpaid taxes of over $1 million. To improve the area and safeguard public health, the town and a developer partnered. The developer (one with previous brownfield experience) paid the tax lien completely, cleaned up the contamination, and is creating a mixed-use project on the site. The project plan has a diversity of uses, including 416 homes in a various styles, 109,000 square feet of retail, 113,000 square feet of offices, a performing arts center, and a health facility. The development will be highly walkable, and the developer is also building a commuter train station to provide access to Manhattan. 15 of the area's historic industrial buildings will be rehabilitated. The project was one of five recipients of the 2005 National Award for Smart Growth Achievement from the E.P.A.
Florida - Baldwin Park, a few miles from downtown Orlando (Florida), is on the site of the former Orlando Naval Training Center, whose closing was announced in 1993. It was decided to create a project with diverse housing types, a main street, public access to lakes, and connections with existing neighborhoods. Before rebuilding could start, 256 buildings, 200 miles of underground utilities, and 25 miles of road were dismantled and recycled. Asbestos and lead paint in buildings, and arsenic and petroleum in the soil, were also taken care of. Baldwin Park opened in 2003 and should be completed in 2008; it will contain about 10,000 residents in 4,100 homes, ranging from rental apartments to custom homes. 6,000 people will work in offices and retail in the project. There will be 450 acres of lakes and parks, including two miles of lakefront property for public use. Baldwin Park's street grid is interconnected, with 32 intersections that connect it to surrounding neighborhoods. Being an infill redevelopment project, Baldwin Park can take advantage of existing infastructure for power, water and sewer. Orlando will reap an estimated $30 million in annual property tax revenues from the project, which was one of five recipients of the 2005 National Award for Smart Growth Achievement from the E.P.A.
Maryland - The Can Company in Baltimore (Maryland) is an adaptive use project on the site of the former American Can Company factory in Baltimore’s Canton neighborhood. Extensive clean-up and remediation had to be carried out in the 1990s, as part of the site was contaminated with lead. (It seems that when the factory was operating, excess lead solder from the soldering plant was simply thrown into a courtyard area.) The mixed-use development, which includes several of the original factory buildings that have been restored, includes 60,000 square feet of retail and 140,000 square feet of offices. It serves as a centerpiece of southeast Baltimore’s revitalization, located between the old Canton neighborhood, with its blocks of established housing, corner bars and markets, and the new Canton neighborhood, which features waterfront condominiums, townhomes and marinas.
North Carolina - Raleigh, North Carolina, has been involved in brownfield projects since 1999, the year it received its first grant from the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). Since then many site assessments have been carried out, primarily at locations in or near the city's downtown. In 2001 Raleigh received a Brownfield Cleanup Revolving Loan Fund (BCRLF) grant of one million dollars, allowing it to move from site assessment into remediation.
Oregon - Completed in 1997, Pearl Court Apartments comprise a full-block development at the edge of downtown Portland in the city’s emerging River District, an area that was previously a vacant 70-acre railroad yard. The building site was a brownfield that had to be cleaned up. The building has 199 apartments, and its rental rates are affordable to low- and moderate-income households.
Pennsylvania - Washington's Landing, formerly known as Herrs Island, sits on the western bank of the Allegheny River about two miles from Pittsburgh’s Golden Triangle. From the turn of the century until the late 1960s, the island’s primary users were the Pittsburgh Provision and Packing Company, the city’s primary meatpacking facility, and the Union Stock Yards. By the mid-1970s a salvage yard and a rendering plant were the only active operations left on an island filled with blighted buildings and industrial debris. Remediation of the extensive toxic waste and other environmental hazards was carried out in the 1980s and early 1990s. New infrastructure was also constructed. Today Washington's Landing has a marina, tennis complex, several office buildings, about 100 townhouses, many single-family homes, and abundant parkland.
Other Resources
Brownfields Blueprints: A Study of the Showcase Communities Initiative
This report highlights innovative strategies, partnerships, and other resources created for brownfields redevelopment through the collaborative efforts of stakeholders ranging from local to federal departments and agencies. This report also addresses strategies to effectively assess and clean up sites, leverage financial resources, institute liability protection, encourage community involvement, and create jobs.
http://www.dca.state.ga.us/OITDSShared/asp/NavDisclaimer.asp?Leaving=GQGP&GoToURL=http://www1.icma.org//upload/library/2003-08/{CE78F80B-AD12-0346-A5A883E8ADFC9162}.pdf
Brownfields conferences (2000-2002)
This excellent resource is compiled for the annual Brownfields conferences (2000-2002) and includes a wealth of information from past conferences.
http://www.dca.state.ga.us/OITDSShared/asp/NavDisclaimer.asp?Leaving=GQGP&GoToURL=http://www.brownfields2002.org
Brownfields Redevelopment: A Guidebook for Local Governments and Communities, Second Edition
The International City/County Management Association produces publications on brownfield development that are available for purchase. Brownfields Redevelopment: A Guidebook for Local Governments and Communities, Second Edition examines the fundamental issues related to brownfields, land use, and other redevelopment tools and strategies available to local governments, as well as the innovative practices and technologies necessary to improve the local quality of life through community and economic revitalization. The guidebook also features extensive appendices of federal and regional programs and contacts, state voluntary cleanup programs, and online resources for brownfields redevelopment.
BrownfieldSource.org
A portal dedicated to brownfield redevelopment and run through the International City/County Management Association (ICMA).
http://www.dca.state.ga.us/OITDSShared/asp/NavDisclaimer.asp?Leaving=GQGP&GoToURL=http://www.brownfieldsource.org/
Coordinating Brownfields Redevelopment and Local Housing Initiatives
The International City/County Management Association produces publications on brownfield development that are available for purchase. The document, Coordinating Brownfields Redevelopment and Local Housing Initiatives, provides information to help local governments evaluate whether the redevelopment of a brownfields into residential use is appropriate for their community or site, and identify the ways in which such a project can be planned and implemented. It includes case studies on various brownfields-to-housing projects, the benefits and opportunities of residential reuses, as well as information on some of the public policy criticisms that brownfields-housing projects may face.
Environmental Protection Agency - Region 4
Contacts at EPA for Georgia (Region 4) can be found at the following link:
http://www.dca.state.ga.us/OITDSShared/asp/NavDisclaimer.asp?Leaving=GQGP&GoToURL=http://www.epa.gov/brownfields/regcntct.htm#ANCHOR4
EPA Region 4 Brownfield Initiative
Provides an array of resources, including but not limited to current workshop schedules, technical and grant assistance.
http://www.dca.state.ga.us/OITDSShared/asp/NavDisclaimer.asp?Leaving=GQGP&GoToURL=http://www.epa.gov/region4/waste/bf/index.htm
EPA Technology Innovation Office
Provides information about innovative treatment and site characterization technologies while acting as a forum for all waste remediation stakeholders.
http://www.dca.state.ga.us/OITDSShared/asp/NavDisclaimer.asp?Leaving=GQGP&GoToURL=http://www.clu-in.org
EPA's Technology Innovation Office (TIO)
Focuses on the demonstration, dissemination, and promotion of innovative brownfield characterization and remediation technologies. Its goal is to help local governments increase efficiencies and reduce costs associated with brownfield redevelopment.
http://www.dca.state.ga.us/OITDSShared/asp/NavDisclaimer.asp?Leaving=GQGP&GoToURL=http://www.brownfieldstech.org
Growing Greener: Revitalizing Brownfields into Greenspace
The International City/County Management Association produces publications on brownfield development that are available for purchase. The document, Growing Greener: Revitalizing Brownfields into Greenspace, describes the benefits of greenspaces and tools for converting brownfields into greenspaces.
International Economic Development Council
Maintains a website devoted to brownfields. The Brownfields Resource Center includes helpful manuals, publications, and links.
http://www.dca.state.ga.us/OITDSShared/asp/NavDisclaimer.asp?Leaving=GQGP&GoToURL=http://www.iedconline.org/resource_brownfields.html
Local Government Environmental Assistance Network
A local government resource for environmental professionals
http://www.dca.state.ga.us/OITDSShared/asp/NavDisclaimer.asp?Leaving=GQGP&GoToURL=http://www.lgean.org.
Measuring Success in Brownfields Redevelopment Programs
The International City/County Management Association produces publications on brownfield development that are available for purchase. The document, Measuring Success in Brownfields Redevelopment Programs, takes a preliminary look at how and why performance measurement could be used by brownfields practitioners, what the advantages and challenges to doing so are, and how performance measurement can be applied to different brownfields scenarios.
Putting the Pieces Together: Local Government Coordination of Brownfield Redevelopment
The International City/County Management Association produces publications on brownfield development that are available for purchase. The document, Putting the Pieces Together: Local Government Coordination of Brownfield Redevelopment, details the best practices for coordinating a brownfields redevelopment among different local departments, state and federal officials, community groups, private developers, and other stakeholders. The report gathers information from local governments in over 50 Brownfields Pilot communities, and includes four detailed case studies.
The “Georgia Hazardous Sites Reuse and Redevelopment Act”
Legislation allows for limited relief from liability for purchasers of such sites who will clean up soil and source material to comply with risk reduction standards.
The Brownfields Technology Support Center
a cooperative effort to provide technical support to federal, state, and local officials on items related to use of technology for site investigation and cleanup.
http://www.dca.state.ga.us/OITDSShared/asp/NavDisclaimer.asp?Leaving=GQGP&GoToURL=http://www.brownfieldstsc.org
The Groundwater Remediation Technologies Analysis Center (GWRTAC)
Compiles, analyzes, and disseminates information on innovative ground-water remediation technologies.
http://www.dca.state.ga.us/OITDSShared/asp/NavDisclaimer.asp?Leaving=GQGP&GoToURL=http://www.gwrtac.org
The Hazardous Substance Research Center (HSRC)
program provides free technical assistance to communities with environmental contamination programs through Technical Outreach Services for Communities (TOSC) and Technical Assistance to Brownfields Communities (TAB).
http://www.dca.state.ga.us/OITDSShared/asp/NavDisclaimer.asp?Leaving=GQGP&GoToURL=http://www.toscprogram.org
The International City/County Management Association
The International City/County Management Association’s Web site contains a large number of studies, books, and papers on a variety of topics. One of the documents is entitled “Small Spaces, Special Places: Coordination of Rural Brownfields Development.” Chapter 2 in this document is entitled “Surveying the Land: Rural Development Scenarios” and examines three types of redevelopment scenarios: greenspace, recreational, and social reuse; industrial reuses; and agricultural reuses. The chapter can be accessed at:
http://www.dca.state.ga.us/OITDSShared/asp/NavDisclaimer.asp?Leaving=GQGP&GoToURL=http://www1.icma.org//upload/library/2003-08/{CE78F80B-AD12-0346-A5A883E8ADFC9162}.pdf
The International City/County Management Association - “Brownfields and Utility Sites: A Primer for Local Governments”
Another ICMA publication provides a primer for local governments entitled “Brownfields and Utility Sites: A Primer for Local Governments,” The publication reviews redevelopment activities of former utility sites. It can be accessed at:
http://www.dca.state.ga.us/OITDSShared/asp/NavDisclaimer.asp?Leaving=GQGP&GoToURL=http://www2.icma.org//upload/library/2002-08/{ED2551E0-1B60-4E7B-899E-9B4F7F922929}Utilities.pdf
The Northeast Midwest Institute
An invaluable resource for information on brownfield redevelopment.
http://www.dca.state.ga.us/OITDSShared/asp/NavDisclaimer.asp?Leaving=GQGP&GoToURL=http://www.nemw.org/brownfields.htm
The Small Business Liability Relief and Brownfields Revitalization Act
Empowers EPA to provide funding and technical assistance to state, tribal and local governments (and some non-profit organizations) for the assessment and cleanup of brownfield properties. The Act also provides liability clarification for innocent landowners of potentially-contaminated properties.
http://www.dca.state.ga.us/OITDSShared/asp/NavDisclaimer.asp?Leaving=GQGP&GoToURL=http://www.epa.gov/brownfields/sblrbra.htm
The US Conference of Mayors
Highlights brownfield redevelopment as one of the more pressing problems facing local governments today.
http://www.dca.state.ga.us/OITDSShared/asp/NavDisclaimer.asp?Leaving=GQGP&GoToURL=http://www.usmayors.org/uscm/brownfields/
U.S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics
Provides information on occupational statistics.
http://www.dca.state.ga.us/OITDSShared/asp/NavDisclaimer.asp?Leaving=GQGP&GoToURL=http://stats.bls.gov/bls/occupation.htm
